Bunchberry
Cornus canadensis
Bunchberry

Identification

- 1 to 6 inches tall.
- 6 leaves ring the stem in flowering plants (4 in non-flowering plants).
- Smooth-edged, oval leaves with parallel, arcing veins.
- 4 white false petals frame a cluster of tiny cream-colored flowers.  The large false petals are NOT the flower

Flowering  Are some or all of the plant (s)...

   Before flower - Tiny green to white flowers are unopened.

   In flower
-
The flowers have opened to reveal a tiny dark dot (ovary) surrounded by 4 tiny white petals.  Petals on some of the flowers have not wilted or fallen off yet.

   Past flower
-
The tiny petals have wilted or fallen off.  The remaining ovaries will begin to swell and turn green. 


Fruiting  Are some or all of the plant(s)...

   Before ripe fruit - The ovaries have lost their petals and are developing into a cluster of green fruits.  As the fruits swell, they will begin to turn red, and stiff white hairs will be visible on the surface of the fruit.  A fruit is considered ripe once it is completely red, and the white hairs are no longer visible.

   Ripe fruit
–  The developing green fruits have turned completely red, and the stiff white hairs on the surface of the fruit are no longer visible.  The loss of the hairs will also cause the fruits’ surface to appear shiny, rather than dull.

   After ripe fruit
We are not monitoring this stage for this species.  Because not all flowers will develop into fruits, it is difficult to determine if a “missing” fruit at the end of an empty stem is the result of fruit that already fully ripened and dispersed, or the result of a flower that was not pollinated and therefore never began to develop into a fruit.

 


Fun Facts

Bunchberry is found across all elevations from deciduous forest to the tree islands (krummholz) and protected areas in the alpine zone.

There is a trigger
hair at the tip of each flower bud.  When tripped by an insect, the bud explodes open, showering the insect with pollen.  Scientists measuring the speed of the opening petals have named bunchberry the “fastest plant in the world”.

Despite its short stature, bunchberry is actually a shrub with a woody stem and tiny tree rings—it is a miniature dogwood.